The Deutsche Mark and its Legacy

Since the Euro crisis occurred, there has been a lot of talk about the common European currency, its pros and cons, and the European Union in general. The euro was introduced in 2002 to standardize the money transactions and to push the European Integration, but from then, many Germans (and, of course, citizens of other members of the EU) still  could not let go of their old, beloved currency. Especially for Germans, it was rather easy to convert the value of their Deutsche Marks into Euros because they  were just about half  the  value. That made the transmission rather easy for them, but it also made it harder to let the Mark disappear from their minds. To  this  day, billions of Deutsche Mark bills and coins are still circulating or just lying somewhere in safes, under mattresses, or in collecting albums. The relationship of the Germans towards their Deutsche Mark has always been something special. The History of The Deutsche Mark This relationship has begun just after the Second World War, as the Reichsmark was no longer in use because of the high inflation and the lack of economic coverage. Therefore, people in post-war Germany did just help themselves by reintroducing a very old and basic way of paying: They practiced barter. Sometimes they bartered food, sometimes resources, but many times they used cigarettes as a currency. Those have been very rare after the war, and therefore, a good thing to swap for other things. In 1947, one single cigarette had the value of about 10 Reichsmark, which equals a purchasing power of about 32 euros today. That is why the expression Zigarettenwà ¤hrung has become colloquial, even if other goods are traded on the black market. With the so-called Wà ¤hrungsreform (currency reform) in 1948, the Deutsche Mark was officially introduced in the three western Besatzungszonen, the allied occupied zones of Germany to prepare the country for a new currency and economic system, and also to stop the flourishing black market. This led to inflation in the Soviet-occupied zone in East-Germany and to the  first tension between the occupants. It forced the Soviets to introduce its own eastern version of the mark in its zone. During the Wirtschaftswunder in the 1960s, the Deutsche Mark became more and more successful,  and in the following years, it became a hard currency with international standing. Even in other countries, it was adopted as legal tender during hard times, such as in  parts of  the former Yugoslavia. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, it is – more or less – still used  today. It was linked to the Deutsche Mark and is  now  linked to the euro, but is called the  Convertible Mark, and the bills and coins have a different look. The Deutsche Mark Today The Deutsche Mark has overcome many hard times and has  always seemed to represent the values of Germany,  such  as  stability and prosperity. That is one of many reasons why people still mourn the days of the Mark, especially during the financial crisis. However, that does  not  seem to be the reason why so many Marks are still circulation, according to the Deutsche Bundesbank. Not only has  a  large amount of the money  been transferred abroad (mainly to  the former Yugoslavia),  but  also, it is sometimes the way  in  which many Germans saved their money over the years. People often mistrusted the banks, especially the older generation, and just hid cash somewhere in the house. Thats why many cases are documented where large amounts of Deutsche Marks are discovered in houses or flats after the occupants died. After all, in most of the cases, the money might have  just been forgotten—not only in hiding places but also in pants, jackets, or old wallets. Also, much of the money that is still circulating is just waiting in collectors albums to be found. Over the years, the Bundesbank has always published new specially-made coins to collect, most of them with a nominal value of 5 or 10 Marks. The good thing is, though, that one can still change Deutsche Marks into euros at the Bundesbank in the exchange rate of 2002. You can also return bills to the bank and get them replaced if they are (partially) damaged. In case you find an album full of  a D-Mark collectors coins, send them to the Bundesbank and get them exchanged. Some of them can be very precious today. If they are not, with the increasing silver prices, it  might be a better idea to get them melted down.

7 Extinction Level Events Could End Life as We Know It

Women Of The Ancient Greek Work, The Iliad And The...

Roles of women in the ancient times have been generally been limited to household, childbearing, childrearing, performing domestic chores like cooking, weaving and providing comforts to their husbands and families. Many of the primitive societies were male dominated and women were considered inferior creature dependent on their male guardians throughout life. Historic accounts and epics of specific periods describe the role assigned to genders in those societies. This paper talks about the role of women presented in the ancient Greek work, the Iliad by Homer and the Mesopotamian Epic of Gilgamesh by anonymous author. Women role in the Iliad Homer’s Iliad contains an array of female characters that are both supernatural and human. The†¦show more content†¦Women, either wives or slaves, were to live with their husbands or masters even if it was against their wishes. The Iliad presents a patriarchal Greek society in which human women are viewed as inferior objects meant to serve and entertain men. Men are superior to women and can use them whichever way they want. Apart from women’s role as mother, wives, and daughters, they are used by men as prizes and rewards in battles or fights as well as for taking revenge or degrading other men. In particular, beautiful women are portrayed to be the source of enmity and discord among men and even states pushing them into fights and battles. Men are found fighting for possession of women in order to establish their power and honor. Most of the conflicts and wars among men, described in the Iliad, have women as the root cause. Whether it is the long battle of Troy or the internal conflict between the Greek warriors, the main reason is usually the possession of woman/women; â€Å"Let him who shall be victorious and prove to be the better man take the woman and all she has†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Iliad Book 3) . Helen, Chryseis and Briseis are the main human female characters in the Trojan War who are used as prizes that supplement male’s ego and pride. Helen is the reason for the main conflict between Menelaus and Paris. The abduction of Helen by Paris and Menelaus’ revenge and to get his wife back thus becomes the prime motive behind the

Americ The Great Wagon Road - 1151 Words

People came to America to get away from Britain rule, so when Britain governed most of the thirty – two colonies, thirteen colonies decided to rebel against the crown during 1775. America was growing fairly big with 2.5 million people and ninety percent lived as rural farmers. In addition, America became a big melting pot of different races. For example, Germans were six percent of the population, and they mostly lived in Pennsylvania. Scots – Irish were seven percent of the population, and they settled along the â€Å"Great Wagon Road.† Then, five percent of the multicolored population consisted of French Huguenots, Welsh, Dutch, Swedes, Jews, Irish, Swiss, and Scots – Highlanders. America was the land of opportunity, and anyone who was willing to work could go from rags to riches. Class differences emerged as a small group of aristocrats had all the power, and the black slaves were the lowest on the social ladder. It was best to be a clergyman or a physi cian. However, physicians were not that well trained and not highly esteemed. The first medical school opened in 1765. Unfortunately, this didn’t prepare them for the plague, small pox. Also, if you were a lawyer, you were assumed to be nosey scumbags. Finally, in 1750, lawyers were recognized as useful, and they defended many high profile cases and played important parts in American history. However, being a farmer was a great thing because it was a stable job. Soon trade became very popular in New England. They created a

The Vampire Diaries Dark Reunion Chapter Fourteen Free Essays

string(94) " Her pale green dress showed up in the gathering dark, but her auburn hair just looked black\." â€Å"He’s gone round the bend,† Matt said, staring at the empty doorway through which Stefan had disappeared. â€Å"No, he hasn’t,† said Meredith. Her voice was rueful and quiet, but there was a kind of helpless laugh in it too. We will write a custom essay sample on The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Fourteen or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"Don’t you see what he’s doing, Matt?† she said when he turned to her. â€Å"Yelling at us, making us hate him to try and chase us away. Being as nasty as possible so we’ll stay mad and let him do this alone.† She glanced at the doorway and raised her eyebrows. † ‘Anyone who does follow me, I’ll kill’ was going a bit overboard, though.† Bonnie giggled suddenly, wildly, in spite of herself. â€Å"I think he borrowed it from Damon. ‘Get this straight, I don’t need any of you!’ â€Å" † ‘You bunch of stupid humans,’ † Matt added. â€Å"But I still don’t understand. You just had a premonition, Bonnie, and Stefan doesn’t usually discount those. If there’s no way to fight and win, what’s the point of going?† â€Å"Bonnie didn’t say there was no way to fight and win. She said there was no way to fight and survive. Right, Bonnie?† Meredith looked at her. The fit of giggles dissolved away. Startled herself, Bonnie tried to examine the premonition, but she knew no more than the words that had sprung into her mind. No one can fight him and live. â€Å"You mean Stefan thinks-† Slow, thunderous outrage was smoldering in Matt’s eyes. â€Å"He thinks he’s going to go and stop Klaus even though he gets killed himself? Like some sacrificial lamb?† â€Å"More like Elena,† Meredith said soberly. â€Å"And maybe-so he can be with her.† â€Å"Huh-uh.† Bonnie shook her head. She might not know more about the prophecy, but this she knew. â€Å"He doesn’t think that, I’m sure. Elena’s special. She is what she is because she died too young; she left so much unfinished in her own life, and-well, she’s a special case. But Stefan’s been a vampire for five hundred years, and he certainly wouldn’t be dying young. There’s no guarantee he’d end up with Elena. He might go to another place or-or just go out. And he knows that. I’m sure he knows that. I think he’s just keeping his promise to her, to stop Klaus no matter what it costs.† â€Å"To try, at least,† Matt said softly, and it sounded as if he were quoting. â€Å"Even if you know you’re going to lose.† He looked up at the girls suddenly. â€Å"I’m going after him.† â€Å"Of course,† said Meredith patiently. Matt hesitated. â€Å"Uh-I don’t suppose I could convince you two to stay here?† â€Å"After all that inspiring talk about teamwork? Not a chance.† â€Å"I was afraid of that. So†¦Ã¢â‚¬  They gathered what weapons they could. Matt’s pocketknife that Stefan had dropped, the ivory-hilted dagger from Stefan’s dresser, a carving knife from the kitchen. Outside, there was no sign of Mrs. Flowers. The sky was pale purple, shading to apricot in the west. Twilight of the solstice eve, Bonnie thought, and hairs on her arms tried to lift. â€Å"Klaus said the old farmhouse in the woods-that must mean the Francher place,† Matt said. â€Å"Where Katherine dumped Stefan in the abandoned well.† â€Å"That makes sense. He’s probably been using Katherine’s tunnel to get back and forth under the river,† Meredith said. â€Å"Unless Old Ones are so powerful they can cross running water without harming themselves.† That’s right, Bonnie remembered, evil things couldn’t cross running water, and the more evil you were, the harder it was. â€Å"But we don’t know anything about the Originals,† she said aloud. â€Å"No, and that means we’ve got to be careful,† Matt said. â€Å"I know these woods pretty well, and I know the path Stefan will probably use. I think we should take a different one.† â€Å"So Stefan won’t see us and kill us?† â€Å"So Klaus won’t see us, or not all of us. So maybe we’ll have a chance of getting to Caroline. Somehow or other we’ve got to get Caroline out of the equation; as long as Klaus can threaten to hurt her he can make Stefan do anything he wants. And it’s always best to plan ahead, to get a jump on the enemy. Klaus said meet there after dark; well, we’ll be there before dark and maybe we can surprise him.† Bonnie was deeply impressed by this strategy. No wonder he’s a quarterback, she was thinking. I would have just rushed in, yelling. Matt picked out an almost invisible path between the oak trees. The undergrowth was especially lush this time of year, with mosses, grasses, flowering plants, and ferns. Bonnie had to trust that Matt knew where he was going, because she certainly didn’t. Above, birds were giving one last burst of song before seeking out a roost for the night. It got dimmer. Moths and lacewings fluttered past Bonnie’s face. After stumbling through a patch of toadstools covered with feeding slugs, she was intensely grateful that this time she’d worn jeans. At last Matt stopped them. â€Å"We’re getting close,† he said, his voice low. â€Å"There’s a sort of bluff where we can look down and Klaus might not see us. Be quiet and careful.† Bonnie had never taken so much trouble placing her feet before. Fortunately the leaf litter was wet and not crackly. After a few minutes Matt dropped to his stomach and gestured for them to follow. Bonnie kept telling herself, fiercely, that she didn’t mind the centipedes and earthworms her sliding fingers dug up, that she had no feelings one way or another about cobwebs in the face. This was life and death, and she was competent. No dweeb, no baby, but competent. They were gazing down on the Francher homestead-or what was left of it. It had crumbled into the earth long ago, taken back by the forest. Now it was only a foundation, building stones covered with flowering weeds and prickly brambles, and one tall chimney like a lonely monument. â€Å"There she is. Caroline,† Meredith breathed in Bonnie’s other ear. Caroline was a dim figure sitting against the chimney. Her pale green dress showed up in the gathering dark, but her auburn hair just looked black. You read "The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Fourteen" in category "Essay examples" Something white shone across her face, and after a moment Bonnie realized it was a gag. Tape or a bandage. From her strange posture-arms behind her, legs stretched straight out in front-Bonnie also guessed she was tied. Poor Caroline, she thought, forgiving the other girl all the nasty, petty, selfish things she’d ever done, which was a pretty considerable amount when you got down to it. But Bonnie couldn’t imagine anything worse than being abducted by a psycho vampire who’d already killed two of your classmates, dragged out here to the woods and bound, and then left to wait, with your life depending on another vampire who had fairly good reason to hate you. After all, Caroline had wanted Stefan in the beginning, and had hated and tried to humiliate Elena for getting him. Stefan Salvatore was the last person who should feel kindly toward Caroline Forbes. â€Å"Look!† said Matt. â€Å"Is that him? Klaus?† Bonnie had seen it too, a ripple of movement on the opposite side of the chimney. As she strained her eyes he appeared, his light tan raincoat flapping ghostlike around his legs. He glanced down at Caroline and she shrank from him, trying to lean away. His laughter sounded so clearly in the quiet air that Bonnie flinched. â€Å"That’s him,† she whispered, dropping down behind the screening ferns. â€Å"But where’s Stefan? It’s almost dark now.† â€Å"Maybe he got smart and decided not to come,† said Matt. â€Å"No such luck,† said Meredith. She was looking through the ferns to the south. Bonnie glanced that way herself and started. Stefan was standing at the edge of the clearing, having materialized there as if out of thin air. Not even Klaus had seen him coming, Bonnie thought. He stood silently, making no attempt to hide himself or the white ash spear he was carrying. There was something in his stance and the way he looked over the scene before him that made Bonnie remember that in the fifteenth century he’d been an aristocrat, a member of the nobility. He said nothing, waiting for Klaus to notice him, refusing to be rushed. When Klaus did turn south he went still, and Bonnie got the feeling he was surprised Stefan had sneaked up on him. But then he laughed and spread his arms. Slowly, Stefan looked Klaus up and down, from the tails of his tattered raincoat to the top of his windblown head. What Stefan said was: â€Å"You asked for me. I’m here. Let the girl go.† â€Å"Did I say that?† Looking genuinely surprised, Klaus pressed two hands to his chest. Then he shook his head, chuckling. â€Å"I don’t think so. Let’s talk first.† Stefan nodded, as if Klaus had confirmed something bitter he’d been expecting. He took the spear from his shoulder and held it in front of him, handling the unwieldy length of wood deftly, easily. â€Å"I’m listening,† he said. â€Å"Not as dumb as he looks,† Matt murmured from behind the ferns, a note of respect in his voice. â€Å"And he’s not as anxious to get killed as I thought,† Matt added. â€Å"He’s being careful.† Klaus gestured toward Caroline, the tips of his fingers brushing her auburn hair. â€Å"Why don’t you come here so we don’t have to shout?† But he didn’t threaten to hurt his prisoner, Bonnie noticed. â€Å"I can hear you just fine,† Stefan replied. â€Å"Good,† Matt whispered. â€Å"That’s it, Stefan!† Bonnie, though, was studying Caroline. The captive girl was struggling, tossing her head back and forth as if she were frantic or in pain. But Bonnie got a strange feeling about Caroline’s movements, especially those violent jerks of the head, as if the girl was straining to reach the sky. The sky†¦ Bonnie’s gaze lifted up to it, where full darkness had fallen and a waning moon shone over the trees. That was why she could see that Caroline’s hair was auburn now: the moonlight, she thought. Then, with a shock, her eyes dropped to the tree just above Stefan, whose branches were rustling slightly in the absence of any wind. â€Å"Matt?† she whispered, alarmed. Stefan was focused on Klaus, every sense, every muscle, every atom of his Power honed and turned toward the Old One before him. But in that tree directly above him†¦ All thoughts of strategy, of asking Matt what to do, fled from Bonnie’s mind. She bolted up from her place of concealment and shouted. â€Å"Stefan! Above you! It’s a trap!† Stefan leaped aside, neat as a cat, just as something plunged down on the exact place he’d been standing an instant before. The moon lit the scene perfectly, enough for Bonnie to see the white of Tyler’s bared teeth. And to see the white flash of Klaus’s eyes as he whirled on her. For one stunned instant she stared at him, and then lightning crackled. From an empty sky. It was only later that Bonnie would realize the strangeness-the fearsomeness-of this. At the time she scarcely noted that the sky was clear and star swept and that the jagged blue bolt that forked down struck the palm of Klaus’s upraised hand. The next sight she saw was so terrifying as to black everything else out: Klaus folding his hand over that lightning, gathering it somehow, and throwing it at her. â€Å"Stay here! Right here!† he shouted, and bounded away. Those dreaded words. They catapulted Bonnie right up, and she was running after him before she knew what she was doing. And then the world turned into chaos. Klaus had whirled back on Stefan, who was grappling with Tyler, beating him. Tyler, in his wolf form, was making terrible sounds as Stefan threw him to the ground. Meredith was running toward Caroline, approaching from behind the chimney so Klaus wouldn’t spot her. Bonnie saw her reach Caroline and saw the flash of Stefan’s silver dagger as Meredith cut the cords around Caroline’s wrists. Then Meredith was half carrying, half dragging Caroline behind the chimney to work on her feet. A sound like antlers clashing made Bonnie spin around. Klaus had come at Stefan with a tall branch of his own-it must have been lying flat on the ground before. It looked just as sharp as Stefan’s, making it a serviceable lance. But Klaus and Stefan weren’t just stabbing at each other; they were using the sticks as quarterstaffs. Robin Hood, Bonnie thought dazedly. Little John and Robin. That was what it looked like: Klaus was that much taller and heavier boned than Stefan. Then Bonnie saw something else and cried out wordlessly. Behind Stefan, Tyler had gotten up again and was crouching, just as he had in the graveyard before lunging for Stefan’s throat. Stefan’s back was to him. And Bonnie couldn’t warn him in time. But she’d forgotten about Matt. Head down, ignoring claws and fangs, he was charging at Tyler, tackling him like a first-rate linebacker before he could leap. Tyler went flying sideways, with Matt on top of him. Bonnie was overwhelmed. So much was happening. Meredith was sawing through Caroline’s ankle cords; Matt was pummeling Tyler in a way that certainly would have gotten him disqualified on the football field; Stefan was whirling that white ash staff as if he’d been trained for it. Klaus was laughing deliriously, seeming exhilarated by the exercise, as they traded blows with deadly speed and accuracy. But Matt seemed to be in trouble now. Tyler was gripping him and snarling, trying to get a hold on his throat. Wildly, Bonnie looked around for a weapon, entirely forgetting the carving knife in her pocket. Her eye fell on a dead oak branch. She picked it up and ran to where Tyler and Matt were struggling. Then Matt was on top of Tyler again, holding Tyler’s head down, holding himself clear. Bonnie saw her chance and aimed the stick. But Tyler saw her. With a burst of supernatural strength, he gathered his legs and sent Matt soaring off him backward. Matt’s head struck a tree with a sound Bonnie would never forget. The dull sound of a rotten melon bursting. He slid down the front of the tree and was still. Bonnie was gasping, stunned. She might have started toward Matt, but Tyler was there in front of her, breathing hard, bloody saliva running down his chin. He looked even more like an animal than he had in the graveyard. As if in a dream, Bonnie raised her stick, but she could feel it shaking in her hands. Matt was so still-was he breathing? Bonnie could hear the sob in her own breath as she faced Tyler. This was ridiculous; this was a boy from her own school. A boy she’d danced with last year at the Junior Prom. How could he be keeping her away from Matt, how could he be trying to hurt them all? How could he be doing this? â€Å"Tyler, please-† she began, meaning to reason with him, to beg him†¦ â€Å"All alone in the woods, little girl?† he said, and his voice was a thick and guttural growl, shaped at the last minute into words. In that instant Bonnie knew that this was not the boy she’d gone to school with. This was an animal. Oh, God, he’s ugly, she thought. Ropes of red spit hung out of his mouth. And those yellow eyes with the slitted pupils-in them she saw the cruelty of the shark, and the crocodile, and the wasp that lays its eggs in a caterpillar’s living body. All the cruelty of animal nature in those two yellow eyes. â€Å"Somebody should have warned you,† Tyler said, dropping his jaw to laugh the way a dog does. â€Å"Because if you go out in the woods alone, you might meet the Big Bad-â€Å" â€Å"Jerk!† a voice finished for him, and with a feeling of gratitude that bordered on the religious, Bonnie saw Meredith beside her. Meredith, holding Stefan’s dagger, which shone liquidly in the moonlight. â€Å"Silver, Tyler,† Meredith said, brandishing it. â€Å"I wonder what silver does to a werewolf’s members? Want to see?† All Meredith’s elegance, her standoffishness, her cool observer’s dispassion were gone. This was the essential Meredith, a warrior Meredith, and although she was smiling, she was mad. â€Å"Yes!† shouted Bonnie gleefully, feeling power rush through her. Suddenly she could move. She and Meredith, together, were strong. Meredith was stalking Tyler from one side, Bonnie held her stick ready on the other. A longing she’d never felt before shot through her, the longing to hit Tyler so hard his head would come flying off. She could feel the strength to do it surging in her arm. And Tyler, with his animal instinct, could sense it, could sense it from both of them, closing in on either side. He recoiled, caught himself, and turned to try and get away from them. They turned too. In a minute they were all three orbiting like a mini solar system: Tyler turning around and around in the middle; Bonnie and Meredith circling him, looking for a chance to attack. â€Å"I did it! Yes. All right! Yes!† Bonnie shouted, flinging the stick away. Triumph erupted from her in a primal shout. â€Å"We did it!† She grabbed the heavy body by the back of the mane and pulled it off Meredith, where it had fallen. â€Å"We-â€Å" Then she broke off, her words freezing in her throat. â€Å"Meredith!† she cried. â€Å"It’s all right,† Meredith gasped, her voice tight with pain. And weakness, Bonnie thought, chilled as if doused with ice water. Tyler had clawed her leg to the bone. There were huge, gaping wounds in the thigh of Meredith’s jeans and in the white skin that showed clearly through the torn cloth. And to Bonnie’s absolute horror, she could see inside the skin too, could see flesh and muscle ripped and red blood pouring out. â€Å"Meredith-† she cried frantically. They had to get Meredith to a doctor. Everyone had to stop now; everyone must understand that. They had an injury here; they needed to get an ambulance, to call 911. â€Å"Meredith,† she gasped, almost weeping. â€Å"Tie it up with something.† Meredith’s face was white. Shock. Going into shock. And so much blood; so much blood coming out. Oh, God, thought Bonnie, please help me. She looked for something to tie it up with, but there was nothing. Something dropped on the ground beside her. A length of nylon cord like the cord they’d used to tie up Tyler, with frayed edges. Bonnie looked up. â€Å"Can you use that?† asked Caroline uncertainly, her teeth chattering. She was wearing the green dress, her auburn hair straggling and stuck to her face with sweat and blood. Even as she spoke she swayed, and fell to her knees beside Meredith. â€Å"Are you hurt?† Bonnie gasped. Caroline shook her head, but then she bent forward, racked with nausea, and Bonnie saw the marks in her throat. But there was no time to worry about Caroline now. Meredith was more important. Bonnie tied the cord above Meredith’s wounds, her mind running desperately over things she’d learned from her sister Mary. Mary was a nurse. Mary said-a tourniquet couldn’t be too tight or left on too long or gangrene set in. But she had to stop the gushing blood. Oh, Meredith. â€Å"Bonnie-help Stefan,† Meredith was gasping, her voice almost a whisper. â€Å"He’s going to need it†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She sagged backward, her breathing stertorous, her slitted eyes looking up at the sky. Dazed, she turned to Caroline, who was shivering and retching, sweat beading her face. Useless, Bonnie thought. But she had no other choice. â€Å"Caroline, listen to me,† she said. She picked up the largest piece of the stick she’d used on Tyler and put it into Caroline’s hands. â€Å"You stay with Matt and Meredith. Loosen that tourniquet every twenty minutes or so. And if Tyler starts to wake up, if he even twitches, you hit him as hard as you can with this. Understand? Caroline,† she added, â€Å"this is your big chance to prove you’re good for something. That you’re not useless. All right?† She caught the furtive green eyes and repeated, â€Å"All right?† â€Å"But what are you going to do?† Bonnie looked toward the clearing. â€Å"No, Bonnie.† Caroline’s hand grasped her, and Bonnie noted with some part of her mind the broken nails, the rope burns on the wrists. â€Å"Stay here where it’s safe. Don’t go to them. There’s nothing you can do-â€Å" Bonnie shook her off and made for the clearing before she lost her resolve. In her heart, she knew Caroline was right. There was nothing she could do. But something Matt had said before they left was ringing in her mind. To try at least. She had to try. Still, in those next few horrible minutes all she could do was look. So far, Stefan and Klaus had been trading blows with such violence and accuracy that it had been like a beautiful, lethal dance. But it had been an equal, or almost equal, match. Stefan had been holding his own. Now she saw Stefan bearing down with his white ash lance, pressing Klaus to his knees, forcing him backward, farther and farther back, like a limbo dancer seeing how low he could go. And Bonnie could see Klaus’s face now, mouth slightly open, staring up at Stefan with what looked like astonishment and fear. Then everything changed. At the very bottom of his descent, when Klaus had bent back as far as he could go, when it seemed that he must be about to collapse or break, something happened. Klaus smiled. And then he started pushing back. Bonnie saw Stefan’s muscles knot, saw his arms go rigid, trying to resist. But Klaus, still grinning madly, eyes wide open, just kept coming. He unfolded like some terrible jack-in-the-box, only slowly. Slowly. Inexorably. His grin getting wider until it looked as if it would split his face. Like the Cheshire cat. A cat, thought Bonnie. Now Stefan was the one grunting and straining, teeth clenched, trying to hold Klaus off. But Klaus and his stick bore down, forcing Stefan backward, forcing him to the ground. Grinning all the time. Until Stefan was lying on his back, his own stick pressing into his throat with the weight of Klaus’s lance across it. Klaus looked down at him and beamed. â€Å"I’m tired of playing, little boy,† he said, and he straightened and threw his own stick down. â€Å"Now it’s dying time.† He took Stefan’s staff away from him as easily as if he were taking it from a child. Picked it up with a flick of his wrist and broke it over his knee, showing how strong he was, how strong he had always been. How cruelly he had been playing with Stefan. One of the halves of the white ash stick he tossed over his shoulder across the clearing. The other he jabbed at Stefan. Using not the pointed end but the splintered one, broken into a dozen tiny points. He jabbed down with a force that seemed almost casual, but Stefan screamed. He did it again and again, eliciting a scream each time. Bonnie cried out, soundlessly. She had never heard Stefan scream before. She didn’t need to be told what kind of pain must have caused it. She didn’t need to be told that white ash might be the only wood deadly to Klaus, but that any wood was deadly to Stefan. That Stefan was, if not dying now, about to die. That Klaus, with his hand now raised, was going to finish it with one more plunging blow. Klaus’s face was tilted to the moon in a grin of obscene pleasure, showing that this was what he liked, where he got his thrills. From killing. And Bonnie couldn’t move, couldn’t even cry. The world swam around her. It had all been a mistake, she wasn’t competent; she was a baby after all. She didn’t want to see that final thrust, but she couldn’t look away. And all this couldn’t be happening, but it was. It was. Klaus flourished the splintered stake and with a smile of pure ecstasy started to bring it down. And a spear shot across the clearing and struck him in the middle of the back, landing and quivering like a giant arrow, like half a giant arrow. It made Klaus’s arms fling out, dropping the stake; it shocked the ecstatic grin right off his face. He stood, arms extended, for a second, and then turned, the white ash stick in his back wobbling slightly. Bonnie’s eyes were too dazzled by waves of gray dots to see, but she heard the voice clearly as it rang out, cold and arrogant and filled with absolute conviction. Just five words, but they changed everything. â€Å"Get away from my brother.† How to cite The Vampire Diaries: Dark Reunion Chapter Fourteen, Essay examples

Hemingways A Farewell To Arms Essay Example For Students

Hemingways A Farewell To Arms Essay Hemingways A Farewell To ArmsThe book A Farewell to Arms, written by Ernest Hemingway, is a classicabout the love story of a nurse and a war ridden soldier. The story startsas Frederick Henry is serving in the Italian Army. He meets his future lovein the hospital that he gets put in for various reasons. I thought that AFarewell to Arms was a good book because of the symbolism, the excitingplot, and the constant moving of the main character. The symbolism in A Farewell to Arms is very much apparent. ErnestHemingway has always been one who is big on the symbolism of night as beingbad. To the main character in Hemingways novels, nights have always beena sign of death, or something negative to happen. Another one of thesymbolisms in A Farewell to Arms is when Henry tries to escape from theItalian army by jumping off one of the ships the army was traveling on andrunning away from the army. This symbolism was the water that he jumpedinto was a symbolism of the new, clean life that he was going to live fromnow on. At this time, Henry goes off and finds his wife to be. The plot in A Farewell to Arms was always active. They were neverstaying in one place too long. It had a very good story line, which was alove story that ended up in a tragedy. The main characters wife gotpregnant and she was off to have her baby when problems started occurring. They had to have a caesarean, and the baby dies, and when the mother of thechild starts to hemorrhage Henry knows that it was over for his wife and hewas right. From the beginning of the book until the end, the action was up. Eversince the front page Henry was traveling around to different towns so itwas not boring for the reader. That made it very interesting for thereader because it was always a new town coming up so they were beingintroduced in the new characters quite often. As the story goes on, thereader is not introducing as many new people, but they are still travelingaround quite a bit. Hemingway has a way with arranging the plots of all hisstories. They all have that right timing to them. He always introducesonly people that will affect the story, he does not introduce someone whowill be in the scene for five minutes and then leave. I felt that theauthors planning on putting this novel together was very good. Ernest Hemingway has always been one of the worlds best known classicwriters. His style and technique of symbolism is much different thanothers. He uses then in very strong ways that you the reader does notalways pick up. I am sure that I missed some of the symbolism that went onin the book. I picked up a few though and they were very interesting. Irecommend this to anyone who is interested in a love story that does notget too intimate.

Electronic Health Record Systems

Question: Discuss about the Electronic Health Record Systems and Standard Vocabularies. Answer: Introduction The introduction and adoption of information technology have led to the development of electronic health records that have vastly improved the administration of medical care in the recent years making it crucial in the medical world. Electronic health records could be described in non-technical language as an electronic rendition of a patients restorative history. However, its success envisioned by its incorporation of standardized vocabularies, that increased interdepartmental communication while offering medical care to the patient. The Standard medical vocabularies, wordings, or coding frameworks are organized rundown of terms, which together with their definitions intended to portray the healthcare administration of patients unambiguously. These vocabularies cover diseases, prescription of drugs and medication and so on. They are utilized to bolster recording and divulge a patient's care at different levels of detail, through the electronic health records (EHRS) Tastan, (2014) Rationale of standard vocabularies in electronic health records (EHRS) Electronic health records systems are the following stride in the progress of medicinal services that can fortify the connection amongst patients and medical practitioners. The information, readiness and accessibility of it will empower these practitioners to settle on better choices and give better care. Moorhead,(2014). Like in such a scenario where data in numerous areas is to forage, shared, and incorporated whenever required there will require normal vocabularies for the individual, clinical, and general health data allowing the individual to be satisfied with the information received. Other reasons for incorporating standardized terminologies include: 1.Accessing and acquiring of coded information utilizing numerous properties and at various levels of specificity than initially coded 2.Provide medical practitioners with decision support while offering treatment, e.g., drug prescription increasing shared understanding throughout the field Reviewing the nature of administration and benchmarking while Supporting examination exercises 1.Organizing information section with adaptability of expressionfledgling to expertise Examples of vocabularies or terminologies: 1.ABC Codes 2.Clinical Care Classification (CCC), 3.International Classification of Nursing Practice (ICNP), 4.Logical Observation Identifiers Names and Codes (LOINC), 5.NANDA International 6.Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS), 7.Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), 8.Systematic Nomenclature of Medicine Clinical Terms (SNOMED CT), Issues associated with EHRs design and solutions. A few frameworks that focus on implementing fine-grained essential clinical information have been restrictive, constrained, troublesome for clinicians to utilize and come around leading to low client acknowledgment. This issue is addressed by creating training programs for the medical practitioners where they can be taught how to use the systems. Additionally, research could be undertaken based on questionnaires on how the medical practitioners would want the systems tailored to their advantages Nelson and Staggers, (2017). Semantic EHRs underpinning-The incorporation of vocabularies or terminologies in most EHRs lack a semantic underpinning which could lead to misdiagnoses or confusion. This problem could be solved by updating systems and adding description logic encoded systems e.g. SNOMED CT.' Existing medicinal vocabularies change in their scope and fulfillment. This issue could be solved by undertaking and investing in medical research Complete clinical phrasing frameworks are expected to assist incorporate patient information with EHRs. By use of SNOMED CT expects to help structure and modernize the medicinal record yet should be utilized effectively and reliably to protect information quality and boost shareability. Ajami, and Bagheri-Tadi,(2013). Lack of a single standard and comprehensive vocabularies which would improve the flow of medical information which could prove fruitful later .this could be addressed by increased research and invest Paganin and Rabelo ,(2013). Reference Tastan, S., Linch, G. C., Keenan, G. M., Stifter, J., McKinney, D., Fahey, L., ... Wilkie, D. J. (2014). Evidence for the existing American Nurses Association-recognized standardized nursing terminologies: A systematic review.International journal of nursing studies,51(8), 1160-1170. Nelson, R., Staggers, N. (2017).Health informatics: An interprofessional approach. Elsevier Health Sciences. seng, H., Moorhead, S. (2014, July). The use of standardized terminology to represent nursing knowledge: nursing interventions relevant to safety for patients with cancer. InNursing Informatics(Vol. 201, pp. 298-333). Paganin, A., Rabelo, E. R. (2013). Clinical validation of the nursing diagnoses of impaired tissue integrity and impaired skin integrity in patients subjected to cardiac catheterization.Journal of advanced nursing,69(6), 1338-1345. Ajami, S., Bagheri-Tadi, T. (2013). Barriers for adopting electronic health records (EHRs) by physicians.Acta Informatica Medica,21(2), 129.

Rehabilitation Paper free essay sample

Rehabilitation is a word that is used often within the corrections, in the prison setting. It is an attempt to change an individual’s attitude and behavior. There are programs that are to prevent habitual offenders, help a criminal get to their normal state of mind and not to be punishing for their action that may cause the criminal to change and become an outstanding citizen that follows the rules instead of the individual getting out and committing another crime. Throughout the years there has been many processes created to form rehabilitation process of criminal justice. The process has helped many offenders by allowing him/her to return within their community as a changed individual. Rehabilitation is a specific program that is applied within a prison setting to bring the end of a criminal’s behavior called desistance, the meaning to cease and stop. An inmate getting into the right program would keep them long enough in order to complete the program successfully, once the program has been completed then the inmate can be put in the community so that their behavior would be tested as a non-criminal behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Rehabilitation Paper or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are some facilities that offer rehab, religion, and anger management (Foster, 2006). In the twentieths century it was believed that prison official were not able to give a defined and clear method of rehabilitation (Foster, 2006). Scientific penology was a major role in defining and conducting structured thoughts and scientific studies that is utilized through rehabilitation (Foster, 2006). The program has an effect on prisoners, the prisons and society in various ways. Inmates have these types of programs available as it gives the individual something constructive to do with his/her time. The type of rehabilitation programs can have a  positive impact on inmate’s life, if rehabilitation is completed while incarcerated all means his/her life change and when released they will benefit to society. In my opinion, I think that prison rehabilitation is in a good setting when it comes to offenders however, once an individual is released he/she should continue to be monitored for a period of time to make sure that they stay on the straight and positive path. Rehabilitation can help an individual make positive choices in his or her life. I just believe that it can be a positive program, however prisoners have to see a need for rehabilitation. Rehabilitation is a word that is used often within the corrections, in the prison setting. It is an attempt to change an individual’s attitude and behavior. There are programs that are to prevent habitual offenders, help a criminal get to their normal state of mind and not to be punishing for their action that may cause the criminal to change and become an outstanding citizen that follows the rules instead of the individual getting out and committing another crime. Throughout the years there has been many processes created to form rehabilitation process of criminal justice. The process has helped many offenders by allowing him/her to return within their community as a changed individual. Rehabilitation is a specific program that is applied within a prison setting to bring the end of a criminal’s behavior called desistance, the meaning to cease and stop. An inmate getting into the right program would keep them long enough in order to complete the program successfully, once the program has been completed then the inmate can be put in the community so that their behavior would be tested as a non-criminal behavior. There are some facilities that offer rehab, religion, and anger management (Foster, 2006). In the twentieths century it was believed that prison official were not able to give a defined and clear method of rehabilitation (Foster, 2006). Scientific penology was a major role in defining and conducting structured thoughts and scientific studies that is utilized through rehabilitation (Foster, 2006). The program has an effect on prisoners, the prisons and society in various ways. Inmates have these types of programs available as it gives the individual something constructive to do with his/her time. The type of rehabilitation programs can have a  positive impact on inmate’s life, if rehabilitation is completed while incarcerated all means his/her life change and when released they will benefit to society. In my opinion, I think that prison rehabilitation is in a good setting when it comes to offenders however, once an individual is released he/she should continue to be monitored for a period of time to make sure that they stay on the straight and positive path. Rehabilitation can help an individual make positive choices in his or her life. I just believe that it can be a positive program, however prisoners have to see a need for rehabilitation.